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1. What are the commonly used disinfectants for drinking water?
The commonly used disinfectants for drinking water are as follows:
1. Bleach powder Bleach powder is a mixture of calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride, and calcium hypochlorite, with the main component being calcium hypochlorite [Ca (ClO) ₂] and an effective chlorine content of 30% -38%. Bleach powder is a white or off white powder or particle with a significant chlorine odor. It is very unstable, highly hygroscopic, and easily decomposed by light, heat, water, and ethanol. Bleach powder dissolves in water, and its aqueous solution can turn litmus paper blue, gradually fading and turning white. When exposed to carbon dioxide in the air, hypochlorous acid can be released, while when exposed to dilute hydrochloric acid, a large amount of chlorine gas is produced.
2、 Chlorine containing disinfectants refer to disinfectants that dissolve in water and produce hypochlorous acid with antimicrobial activity. The active ingredient in these disinfectants is often expressed as effective chlorine. Hypochloric acid has a small molecular weight and is easy to diffuse to the surface of bacteria and penetrate the cell membrane into the bacterial body, causing oxidation of bacterial proteins and leading to bacterial death. Chlorine containing disinfectants can kill various microorganisms, including bacterial colonies, viruses, fungi, tuberculosis bacilli, and the most resistant bacterial spores.
3、 Chlorine dioxide disinfectant is internationally recognized as an efficient disinfectant that can kill all microorganisms, including bacterial colonies, bacterial spores, fungi, mycobacteria, and viruses, without developing drug resistance. Chlorine d
4、 Peracetic acid disinfectant is a strong oxidizing agent that can kill bacteria and fungi such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus. Mainly used for disinfection of food processing plants, food freezers, meat processing plants, slaughterhouses, livestock and poultry pens, wards, surfaces of general objects, tools, clothing, sheds, and other structures. It is a broad-spectrum, efficient, and environmentally friendly disinfectant. It can quickly kill viruses, bacteria, fungi, and spores. Peroxyacetic acid is corrosive and must be diluted before use.
5、 The most commonly used organic chlorine fungicide for disinfecting various items is sodium dichloroisocyanurate (Youchlorojing). Sodium dichloroisocyanurate is a white powder with a chlorine odor, an effective chlorine content of 60% -64%, stable properties, easy solubility in water, and a weakly acidic solution. However, according to research reports, the toxicity and harm of organic chlorine are greater than those of inorganic chlorine, and it may have carcinogenic effects. Therefore, it is not suitable to use organic chlorine containing disinfectants for long-term disinfection of drinking water. Reference source: Baidu Baike - Bleach Powder Reference source: Baidu Baike - Chlorine Containing Disinfectant Reference source: Baidu Baike - Chlorine Dioxide Disinfectant Reference source: Baidu Baike - Peroxyacetic Acid Disinfectant Reference source: Baidu Baike - Organic Chlorine Dis
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